Sex, Family and Fertility in Haiti
Sex, Family and Fertility in Haiti
Sex, Family and Fertility (Also published by Lexington Books as Fewer Men, More Babies) re-evaluates the debate over family patterns in the Caribbean with respect to the critical importance that child labor plays in peasant household livelihood strategies. Earlier anthropologists widely accepted and provided empirical evidence that the contributions made by children to the peasant household labor pool was a significant determinant of social patterns and high birth rates. In the 1960s researchers began to dismiss the economic utility of children. Children were conceptualized as economic burdens, wanted for emotional, religious, and cultural reasons. This ideational trend emerged in the context of changes in Western economies and corresponding shifts in ideology; it reflected agendas promoted and exported to the developing world by aid agencies; and it derailed the refinement of academic models that explain kinship and high fertility. This shortcoming is especially evident in the Caribbean.
Based on original ethnographic research, this book demonstrates how the process unfolds in contemporary rural Haiti; how intensive work regimes make children necessary; how this necessity conditions sexual behavior, gender relations, and kinship; and why, despite massive contraceptive campaigns, birth rates in rural Haiti continue to be among the highest in the world. Schwartz offers a solution to a demographic paradox that some of the most prominent sociologists and demographers of the 20th century noted but were never able to explain: among impoverished small farmers, when more men are absent due to male wage migration, the women remaining behind give birth to more, not fewer, babies.
Praise
Timothy T Schwartz challenges prevailing wisdom in the field of demography with a strong set of data . He shows the relationship between marriage, family, fertility, agriculture, and emigration in rural Haiti. He relates beliefs with behavior and opportunities and strategies for living. In the process he makes much sense of rural Haitian life and shows how the Haitian pattern he outlines can be seen in other islands of the Caribbean.
Bill Wedenoja, Missouri State University
Rich, sophisticated, authentic, provocative, the work of a genuine anthropologist. Robert Lawless, Wichita State University
I have a professional and personal interest in the work Dr. Schwartz has accomplished with this book and Travesty in Haiti. I fully support his findings and laud him for the scholarly which he has accomplished in this book. For anyone with any interest in the study of anthropology, this book is a must read. For persons working in the field in Haiti, obtain this book and study it!
Indiana University School of Medicine
